Ville Intelligente: Le futur se conjugue au présent
Rassembler sur le Cloud des données de nature et de sources variées sur la ville et les mettre à disposition des PME pour toutes sortes d’applications connectées au service des habitants: tel est l’objectif du projet ClouT, porté par le CEA-Leti et actuellement testé en Espagne, en Italie et au Japon.
Transports, sécurité, météo, pollution, calendrier des événements, entretien du mobilier urbain: chaque ville offre un enchevêtrement spatio-temporel à la complexité quasi infinie de réseaux, cartes et données en tous genres, Leur donner du sens, c’est l’objectif du projet ClouT, en cours au CEA-Leti de Grenoble, « Contraction de “Cloud computing” et “Internet of thinqs“, ce projet consiste à tirer le meilleur parti de ces deux technologies afin de pro¬poser infrastructures, outils, services et applications dédiés aux municipalités pour qu’elles deviennent des villes intelligentes» introduit Levent Gürgen, ingénieur-chercheur porteur du projet. Concrètement, il s’agit de développer une plateforme logicielle, « une sorte de boîte » capable d’agréger sur un Cloud les données de multiples canaux d’informations et de nature très variée, agrémentée d’un langage permettant depuis Internet d’accéder à ces données et de créer des applications pour les analyser et les utiliser sans que le développeur n’ait à se soucier de leur spécificité.
Quatre villes impliquées
Quatre villes sont impliquées afin de tester les potentialités de ClouT dans des contextes différents, Pour la ville de Santander en Espagne, les chercheurs du CEA-Leti ont mis l’accent sur l’implication du citoyen dans la gestion de la ville, « une dimension participative qui est au cœur du projet », précise Levent Gürqen. Grâce à une application disponible sur smartphone, toute personne constatant un problème d’entretien ou de voirie (poubelle débordante, trottoir cassé .. .) peut désormais envoyer une photo à un cerveau contrôle géré par la municipalité afin d’accélérer la résolution du problème. À Gênes en Italie, ville portuaire, l’idée consiste à l’équiper de capteurs météorologiques variés (vent, humidité .. .l. afin de prévenir la population en cas de risques d’inondation. À Mitaka, au Japon, la problématique est d’Inciter les personnes âgées à tisser des liens pour créer une communauté, Ainsi, une application dédiée permet de fouiller les sites officiels de même que les réseaux sociaux à la recherche de « bons plans » que les personnes concernées peuvent ensuite partager via Internet. À cela s’ajoutent, face à un public potentiellement fragile, des informations sur la pollution ou les substances allergènes. Aussi ClouT envisage-t-il d’installer des capteurs de pollution, de température et de substances allergisantes sur les camions poubelles de Fujusawa. Objectif: produire des cartes de ces composés volatiles en temps réel. Par ailleurs, des détecteurs pourront bientôt déclencher des affichages digitaux sur les façades de restaurants ou de magasins au passage d’une voiture. Et cela, dans une logique commerciale ou bien pour dispenser des messages de sécurité, par exemple en cas de risque sismique,
« À terme, l’idée est de proposer une structure de cloud global qui accueille les données de toutes les applications et, dans une logique d’open data”, de mettre notre plateforme à disposition des PME pour qu’elles développent de nouveaux services sans avoir à mettre en place d’infrastructures amont », poursuit Levent Gürqen, De quoi donner à la ville intelligente de demain le visage le plus humain possible.
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